Manostaxx
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SOURCE: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/51051/1/Kanavos_pharmaceutical_distribution_chain_2007.pdf
Average wholesale margins/markups presented across EU27 Countries. More than one source (2007-2010) creates minimum and maximum values. Countries with * have private negotiations, ‘R’ denotes regressive margins and ‘L’ denotes linear markups.