Over the last five years, Portugal has built a reputation as the medical cannabis ‘doorway to Europe’, the go-to hub for countries from North and South America, Asia and Oceania to ship their cannabis to and have it distributed to Europe’s most active markets.
Although it is now the largest exporter of medical cannabis in Europe, a fraction of the cannabis grown, processed or imported into Portugal goes towards its highly restrictive domestic market, which, according to Prohibition Partners, is set to be worth just €280,000 this year.
The latest figures show that between January and August 2025, Portugal exported more medical cannabis than the entirety of 2024, driven almost entirely by Germany’s demand and Canada’s supply.
Since implementing its medical cannabis framework in 2018, Portugal has built one of the most commercially accessible regulatory environments in Europe.
Under Ministerial Order 83/2021, companies are permitted to cultivate, manufacture, import, and export cannabis products for medical use, provided they demonstrate compliance with both Good Agricultural and Collection Practices (GACP) and Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) standards.
Aside from its relatively low costs, geographical location and temperate climate, these regulations have allowed it to serve as a GMP compliance and re-export hub for cannabis produced elsewhere.
Given the time and capex required to build out EU-GMP processing facilities, many businesses outside Europe operate under GACP rather than GMP standards, meaning their products cannot enter tightly regulated European markets directly.
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